IGCSE

Computers only store 0s and 1s. This is how ordinary numbers turn into those, and back.

Everything on a computer — letters, music, photos — is stored as numbers. This is how.

Measuring how much space data takes, and two ways of making files smaller.

How data is chopped into packets and sent down a wire — one bit at a time or several at once.

Data can be corrupted on the way. These are the checks that spot it.

Scrambling data so that stealing it is pointless without the key.

What is inside the processor, and the cycle it repeats billions of times a second.

The devices that get data in and results out, and where each is the right choice.

Where data lives when the power is off, and the three technologies used.

The equipment and addresses that let computers find each other.

The two families of software, what an operating system actually does, and how a computer handles 'stop what you are doing'.

High-level and low-level languages, the programs that translate between them, and the tools you write code in.

The difference between the network and the websites on it, plus what happens when you type an address.

Money that exists only electronically, and the ledger behind it.

The threats you must be able to name, and the matching protection for each.

Systems that sense the world and act on it, with no human in the loop.

Machines with sensors and moving parts that do physical work.

Software that appears to reason, learn or perceive.

The stages a program goes through from idea to finished product.

Breaking a big problem into smaller pieces that can each be solved on their own.

The exact style of pseudocode Cambridge uses in exams, and how to trace an algorithm by hand.

The building blocks every program is made of: data types, the three structures, and named blocks of code.

One name holding many values, so a loop can work through them.

Saving data so it still exists after the program closes.

Storing records in a table, and the language used to ask questions of them.

The six gates every circuit is built from, and the four questions the exam asks about them.